US3816275A - Process for treatment of waste liquors containing difficulty decomposable cyanocomplex - Google Patents
Process for treatment of waste liquors containing difficulty decomposable cyanocomplex Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3816275A US3816275A US33047373A US3816275A US 3816275 A US3816275 A US 3816275A US 33047373 A US33047373 A US 33047373A US 3816275 A US3816275 A US 3816275A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquor
- cyano
- waste liquor
- decomposable
- difficulty
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/465—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/18—Cyanides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for removing cyano-complex from a waste liquor containing a difficulty decomposable cyano-complex or cyanidecontaining compound such as ferrocyanides and ferricyanides. More specifically, the invention relates to a process comprising electrolyzing a waste liquor containing a difficulty decomposable cyano-complex or cyanide-containing salt under a direct current with use of iron as an anode to thereby convert said complex or said salt to a blue, colloidal precipitate, floating the precipitate to thereby concentrate it in the form of a scum in the upper portion of said liquor in an electrolytic cell, and removing the scum to thereby obtain a purified liquor.
- a cya nide-containing waste liquor is purified by methods comprising making such waste liquor alkaline, oxidatively decomposing the cyanide component with a chlorine-type oxidant such as chlorine, sodium hypochloride and bleaching powder or decomposing it after it has been made strongly acidic, and catching a cyan (CN) gas or cyanogen generated by the decomposition with use of an alkali.
- a chlorine-type oxidant such as chlorine, sodium hypochloride and bleaching powder or decomposing it after it has been made strongly acidic
- CN cyan
- the oxidative decomposition method employing an oxidant of the chlorine type is utilized most broadly.
- each of these known methods is suitable only for the treatment of a waste water containing a cyanidecontaining compound which is decomposable relatively with ease, such as alkali metal cyanides, alkaline earth metal cyanides, zinc cyanide, cadmium cyanide and the like, and according to these known methods it is impossible to decompose completely such compounds as copper cyanide, silver cyanide and iron cyanide. Accordingly, if such compounds are contained in waste liquors, the cyano-component cannot be completely removed by these conventional methods.
- the present invention is to provide a method for treating waste liquors containing such difficulty decomposable cyano-complex or cyanide ions, by which cyano-component contained in said liquors can be re-
- the formula of an example of such reaction is as follows:
- iron cyano-complexes are relatively low in the toxicity, and they were used for the treatment of waste liquors in the past. However, since it was found that they are decomposed under sun-light to form poisonous cyanogen, it has been prohibited to discharge such compounds into rivers.
- ferrocyanide ions, ferricyanide ions and other difiiculty decomposable cyano-complex ions are electrolyzed by employing iron as an anode, these ions are converted similarly to a blue colloid of Prussian Blue irrespectively of the kind of the complex ion, and such colloid is floated on the liquid surface and can readily be removed, and we have completed this invention 'by applying this finding to the treatment of waste liquors.
- ferrocyanide ion, ferricyanide ion and other difficulty decomposable ions contained in a waste liquor can be similarly converted to blue insoluble colloids regardless of the kind of the ion only by electrolyzing such waste liquor by employing iron as an anode, and the resulting colloids are readily electrically discharged by an action of an electric field formed by the electrolysis to form coarse particles, which absorb a gas formed by the electrolysis and are readily floated on the surface of the waste liquor to form a scum, with the result that the solid-liquid separation can easily be accomplished and cyano components can be removed from the waste liquor by simple operational procedures.
- At least one member selected from high molecular coagulants, oils and surface active agents is added in a small quantity to a waste liquor to be treated, the tendency of the colloid to float on the liquor surface and to be separated from the liquor is further improved.
- the following substances are preferably used as such floating and separating property improving agent, and it is desired that these substances are added in amounts of 2mg to mg per liter of the waste liquor.
- anionic surfactants such as sodium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates or alkaline soap
- nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleylether, polyoxyethylene alkylarylether, polyethyleneglycol monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate.
- Iron is used as an anode at the electrolysis according to this invention, but it is unnecessary to employ too an expensive iron material and commercially available ordinary iron materials such as iron plates, cast iron rods, cast iron plates, carbon steel and the like can be used conveniently. And, a cage filled with scraps of the aforesaid iron materials can also be used as an anode.
- a cathode composed of an iron material such as exemplified above can be used.
- graphite, stainless steel, nickel, copper and the like may be used as a cathode.
- Electrolytic conditions such as the cell voltage and current and the distance between both the electha) and 3 mg/l of an anionic surfactant (alkaline soap), and an aqueous solution containing 100 mg]!
- Electrolytic Time (minutes) CN Analysis Value (ppm) (potassium ferrocyanidecontaining liquor) CN Analysis Value (ppm) (potassium ferricyanide- 7 containing liquor) at initiation of electrolysis (starting liquor) trodes are not particularly critical in this invention.
- the electrolytic conditions are so selected that an electrical current is allowed to pass through the waste liquor.
- the electrolysis is carried out under cell voltage of from 2 to 40 volts and an electrolytic current of from 0.1 to 5 A. per 1 liter of electrolyte which is composed of waste liquor.
- the process of this invention can be applied to the treatment of various waste liquors containing cyanocomplexes, which are formed in various factories and plants, and can give very good results in the treatment of such waste liquors.
- a waste liquor formed in the quenching factory which contains oil (xylol) and cyano components composed mainly of 440 ppm of a ferrocyanide ion (1,080 ppm as the total cyan content and 200 ppm as the free cyan content), was electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell such as employed in Example 1 in the same manner as adopted in Example 1, and at prescribed intervals the sample liquor was withdrawn from the bottom of the electrolytic cell to determine the cyan content. Results are shown in Table 3.
- a process for treating waste liquor containing difficulty decomposable cyano-complex and/or cyan ions which comprises electrolyzing said waste liquor in an electrolytic cell by employing iron as an anode to thereby form a water-insoluble colloid, floating said colloid on the upper surface portion of the liquor by an action of bubbles generated by the electrolysis to thereby convert the colloid to a scum, and removing the scum from the electrolytic cell to thereby obtain a purified liquor substantially free of cyano-component.
Abstract
A process for treating a waste liquor containing a difficultly decomposable cyano-complex such as ferrocyanides and ferricyanides and/or cyano ions, which comprises electrolyzing said waste liquor by employing iron as an anode to thereby form water-insoluble colloid, floating and concentrating said colloid by an action of bubbles formed during the electrolysis to thereby convert it to a scum, and removing the scum from said waste liquor in an electrolytic cell to thereby obtain a purified liquor free of cyano-component.
Description
Ichiki et al.
[ PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE LIQUORS CONTAINING DIFFICULTY DECOMPOSABLE CYANO-COMPLEX [75] Inventors: Minoru lchiki; Masahito lshii, both of Tokyo, Japan [73] Assignee: Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd.,
Tokyo, Japan [22] Filed: Feb. 8, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 330,473
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 15, 1972 Japan 47-16206 [52] US. Cl. 204/149, 204/130 [51] Int. Cl. C02c 5/12 [58] Field of Search 204/149, 130; 210/44 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 937,210 10/1909 Harris 204/149 1 June 11, 1974 2,520,703 8/1950 Wagner 204/149 X 2,737,298 3/1953 Hendel.....
2,773,025 12/1956 Ricks et a1.
3,645,867 2/1972 Ericson et a1....
3,756,932 9/1973 Zievers et a1. 204/149 Primary ExaminerJohn H. Mack Assistant ExaminerA. C. Prescott Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Woodhams, Blanchard & Flynn 5 7] ABSTRACT 4 Claims, No Drawings PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE LIQUORS CONTAINING DIFFICULTY DECOMPOSABLE CYANO-COMPLEX BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to a process for removing cyano-complex from a waste liquor containing a difficulty decomposable cyano-complex or cyanidecontaining compound such as ferrocyanides and ferricyanides. More specifically, the invention relates to a process comprising electrolyzing a waste liquor containing a difficulty decomposable cyano-complex or cyanide-containing salt under a direct current with use of iron as an anode to thereby convert said complex or said salt to a blue, colloidal precipitate, floating the precipitate to thereby concentrate it in the form of a scum in the upper portion of said liquor in an electrolytic cell, and removing the scum to thereby obtain a purified liquor.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
In accordance with conventional techniques, a cya nide-containing waste liquor is purified by methods comprising making such waste liquor alkaline, oxidatively decomposing the cyanide component with a chlorine-type oxidant such as chlorine, sodium hypochloride and bleaching powder or decomposing it after it has been made strongly acidic, and catching a cyan (CN) gas or cyanogen generated by the decomposition with use of an alkali. Among these methods, the oxidative decomposition method employing an oxidant of the chlorine type is utilized most broadly. However, each of these known methods is suitable only for the treatment of a waste water containing a cyanidecontaining compound which is decomposable relatively with ease, such as alkali metal cyanides, alkaline earth metal cyanides, zinc cyanide, cadmium cyanide and the like, and according to these known methods it is impossible to decompose completely such compounds as copper cyanide, silver cyanide and iron cyanide. Accordingly, if such compounds are contained in waste liquors, the cyano-component cannot be completely removed by these conventional methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to provide a method for treating waste liquors containing such difficulty decomposable cyano-complex or cyanide ions, by which cyano-component contained in said liquors can be re- The formula of an example of such reaction is as follows:
Among cyano-complexes, iron cyano-complexes are relatively low in the toxicity, and they were used for the treatment of waste liquors in the past. However, since it was found that they are decomposed under sun-light to form poisonous cyanogen, it has been prohibited to discharge such compounds into rivers.
These water-insoluble cyano-complex salts are present in the form of a very minute colloid in a waste liquor and according to customary techniques it is very difficult to remove them by the solid-liquid separation.
We, the inventors, have found that ferrocyanide ions, ferricyanide ions and other difiiculty decomposable cyano-complex ions are electrolyzed by employing iron as an anode, these ions are converted similarly to a blue colloid of Prussian Blue irrespectively of the kind of the complex ion, and such colloid is floated on the liquid surface and can readily be removed, and we have completed this invention 'by applying this finding to the treatment of waste liquors.
In the chemical reaction, when a trivalent iron ion is added to a ferrocyanide ion or when a divalent iron ion a is added to a ferricyanide ion, a blue precipitate is formed. However, even if a divalent iron ion is added to a ferrocyanide ion, formation of a blue colloid is not observed. Accordingly, in order to obtain an insoluble precipitate by adding an iron ion to a difficulty decomposable cyanide ion, it is necessary to grasp amounts of the ferrocyanide and ferricyanide ions, respectively. This is very troublesome in conducting the waste liquor treatment. In contrast, according to the process of this invention ferrocyanide ion, ferricyanide ion and other difficulty decomposable ions contained in a waste liquor can be similarly converted to blue insoluble colloids regardless of the kind of the ion only by electrolyzing such waste liquor by employing iron as an anode, and the resulting colloids are readily electrically discharged by an action of an electric field formed by the electrolysis to form coarse particles, which absorb a gas formed by the electrolysis and are readily floated on the surface of the waste liquor to form a scum, with the result that the solid-liquid separation can easily be accomplished and cyano components can be removed from the waste liquor by simple operational procedures.
In case, during the stage of the electrolysis according to this invention, at least one member selected from high molecular coagulants, oils and surface active agents is added in a small quantity to a waste liquor to be treated, the tendency of the colloid to float on the liquor surface and to be separated from the liquor is further improved. The following substances are preferably used as such floating and separating property improving agent, and it is desired that these substances are added in amounts of 2mg to mg per liter of the waste liquor.
High Molecular Coagulants:
acrylamide, acrylamide derivatives, sodium salt of polyacrylic acid and sodium salts of polyacrylic acid derivatives; Oils:
vegetable oils such as rape-seed oil and soybean oil; animal oils such as tallow oil; and mineral oils such as naphtha having a high-boiling point; Surface Active Agents:
anionic surfactants such as sodium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates or alkaline soap; nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleylether, polyoxyethylene alkylarylether, polyethyleneglycol monolaurate and sorbitan monolaurate.
Iron is used as an anode at the electrolysis according to this invention, but it is unnecessary to employ too an expensive iron material and commercially available ordinary iron materials such as iron plates, cast iron rods, cast iron plates, carbon steel and the like can be used conveniently. And, a cage filled with scraps of the aforesaid iron materials can also be used as an anode. A cathode composed of an iron material such as exemplified above can be used. In addition, graphite, stainless steel, nickel, copper and the like may be used as a cathode. Electrolytic conditions such as the cell voltage and current and the distance between both the electha) and 3 mg/l of an anionic surfactant (alkaline soap), and an aqueous solution containing 100 mg]! of potassium ferrocyanide, l mg/I of rape-seed oil and 100 mg/[ of a nonionic surfactant (polyethyleneglycol monolaurate) were used as a liquor to be treated. The electrolysis was carried out in an electrolytic cell having a lO-liter capacity by employing iron plates as electrodes and passing an electric current of 5 A. At prescribed intervals the liquor was sampled from the lower portion of the electrolytic cell, and the cyan (CN) content was determined by the quantiative analysis. Results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Electrolytic Time (minutes) CN Analysis Value (ppm) (potassium ferrocyanidecontaining liquor) CN Analysis Value (ppm) (potassium ferricyanide- 7 containing liquor) at initiation of electrolysis (starting liquor) trodes are not particularly critical in this invention. In short, the electrolytic conditions are so selected that an electrical current is allowed to pass through the waste liquor. In general, however, it is preferred that the electrolysis is carried out under cell voltage of from 2 to 40 volts and an electrolytic current of from 0.1 to 5 A. per 1 liter of electrolyte which is composed of waste liquor.
The process of this invention can be applied to the treatment of various waste liquors containing cyanocomplexes, which are formed in various factories and plants, and can give very good results in the treatment of such waste liquors.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Example 1.
Table 1 CN Analysis Value (ppm) (potassium ferricyanidecontaining liquor) Electrolytic Time (minutes) at initiation of electrolysis (starting liquor) Example 2.
An aqueous solution containing 100 mg/l of potassium ferricyanide, 5 mg/[ of mineral oil (solvent naph- From the results shown in Table 2, it will readily be understood that aqueous solutions containing ferrocyanide and ferricyanide ions can be easily purified regardless of the kind of the ion contained and cyano components can be removed by conducting the electrolysis with use of iron as an anode.
Example 3.
A waste liquor formed in the quenching factory, which contains oil (xylol) and cyano components composed mainly of 440 ppm of a ferrocyanide ion (1,080 ppm as the total cyan content and 200 ppm as the free cyan content), was electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell such as employed in Example 1 in the same manner as adopted in Example 1, and at prescribed intervals the sample liquor was withdrawn from the bottom of the electrolytic cell to determine the cyan content. Results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Electrolytic Time (minutes) CN Analysis Value (ppm) at initiation of electrolysis (starting liquor) 1080 5 680 I0 560 30 84 4O 4O 60 0.85 0.35
From the results shown in Table 3 it is proved that also in the case of actual waste liquors cyano components can be removed very effectively according tothe process of this invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A process for treating waste liquor containing difficulty decomposable cyano-complex and/or cyan ions, which comprises electrolyzing said waste liquor in an electrolytic cell by employing iron as an anode to thereby form a water-insoluble colloid, floating said colloid on the upper surface portion of the liquor by an action of bubbles generated by the electrolysis to thereby convert the colloid to a scum, and removing the scum from the electrolytic cell to thereby obtain a purified liquor substantially free of cyano-component.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the waste liquor contains a ferrocyanide and/or a ferricyanide.
liquor and then the electrolysis is carried out.
UNIETIED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 I816 275 Dated June 11, 1974 Inv t Minoru I'chiki and Masahito Ishii It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
On the title fiage, second line of title; change "DIFFICULTY" t0 ---DIFFICULTLY.
Col. 1, line 2; change "DIFFICUL'IY" to ---DIFFICULTLY---.
line 10; change "culty" to ---cu1tly--.
line l4; change "difficulty" to ---difficultly-- line 48 change "difficulty" to --difficultly--.
Col. 2, line 9; change "difficulty" to --difficultly-.
line '23; change "difficulty" to -difficult ly-.
line 29; change "difficulty" to --difficultly-.
Col. 3, line 29; change "electrical" to electric---.
Col. 4, line 11; change "quantiative" to --quantitative-.
line 35; change "the" to --a----.
line 64; change "culty" to --cultly-.
Signed and sealed this 15th day of October 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
MCCOY M. GIBSON JR. C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents w FORM po'wso (1M9) uscoMM-oc 60376-P69 11% U.$. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 2 Ilu ,O'366-334,
Claims (3)
- 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the waste liquor contains a ferrocyanide and/or a ferricyanide.
- 3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the anode is an iron plate.
- 4. A process according to claim 1, wherein at least one agent selected from the group consisting of high molecular coagulants, mineral oils, animal oils, vegetable oils and surface active agents is added to the waste liquor and then the electrolysis is carried out.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1620672A JPS48104346A (en) | 1972-02-15 | 1972-02-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3816275A true US3816275A (en) | 1974-06-11 |
Family
ID=11910024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33047373 Expired - Lifetime US3816275A (en) | 1972-02-15 | 1973-02-08 | Process for treatment of waste liquors containing difficulty decomposable cyanocomplex |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3816275A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS48104346A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2306151A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2172233B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1398691A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4319968A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1982-03-16 | Katsuhiro Okubo | Electrolytically decomposing method for iron-cyanide complex |
| US4443309A (en) * | 1980-11-25 | 1984-04-17 | Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie Voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek | Process for the detoxification of chemical waste materials |
| US5049252A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1991-09-17 | Murrell Wilfred A | Water cleaning system |
| WO2009012584A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Alcan International Limited | Electrochemical removal of dissociable cyanides |
| US20120021192A1 (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2012-01-26 | Sawgrass Europe Sa | Rheology modified ink and printing process |
| US20140246375A1 (en) * | 2013-03-03 | 2014-09-04 | Hamed Gharibi | Electrochemical-based reactor for the removal of free cyanides and iron cyanide from industrial wastewater |
| CN112062226A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-11 | 东北大学 | Treatment method of high-concentration cyanogen-containing barren solution |
-
1972
- 1972-02-15 JP JP1620672A patent/JPS48104346A/ja active Pending
-
1973
- 1973-02-08 DE DE2306151A patent/DE2306151A1/en active Pending
- 1973-02-08 US US33047373 patent/US3816275A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-02-14 FR FR7305203A patent/FR2172233B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-02-15 GB GB749873A patent/GB1398691A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4319968A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1982-03-16 | Katsuhiro Okubo | Electrolytically decomposing method for iron-cyanide complex |
| US4443309A (en) * | 1980-11-25 | 1984-04-17 | Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie Voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek | Process for the detoxification of chemical waste materials |
| US5049252A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1991-09-17 | Murrell Wilfred A | Water cleaning system |
| WO2009012584A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Alcan International Limited | Electrochemical removal of dissociable cyanides |
| US20090030256A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Alcan International Limited | Electrochemical removal of dissociable cyanides |
| US8093442B2 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2012-01-10 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Electrochemical removal of dissociable cyanides |
| US20120021192A1 (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2012-01-26 | Sawgrass Europe Sa | Rheology modified ink and printing process |
| US9758687B2 (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2017-09-12 | Mickael Mheidle | Rheology modified ink and printing process |
| US20140246375A1 (en) * | 2013-03-03 | 2014-09-04 | Hamed Gharibi | Electrochemical-based reactor for the removal of free cyanides and iron cyanide from industrial wastewater |
| CN112062226A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-11 | 东北大学 | Treatment method of high-concentration cyanogen-containing barren solution |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1398691A (en) | 1975-06-25 |
| FR2172233A1 (en) | 1973-09-28 |
| DE2306151A1 (en) | 1973-08-23 |
| FR2172233B1 (en) | 1979-01-12 |
| JPS48104346A (en) | 1973-12-27 |
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