WO2000009540A1 - Purification of blood clotting proteins - Google Patents
Purification of blood clotting proteins Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000009540A1 WO2000009540A1 PCT/AU1999/000653 AU9900653W WO0009540A1 WO 2000009540 A1 WO2000009540 A1 WO 2000009540A1 AU 9900653 W AU9900653 W AU 9900653W WO 0009540 A1 WO0009540 A1 WO 0009540A1
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- blood clotting
- clotting protein
- fibrinogen
- membrane
- solvent stream
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/745—Blood coagulation or fibrinolysis factors
- C07K14/75—Fibrinogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for obtaining blood clotting proteins, particularly fibrinogen, in a substantially unmodified and natural state.
- fibrinogen The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin forms the infrastructure upon which other components of blood interact in haemostasis. Fibrin also has other functional roles in a myriad of physiological processes including wound healing, tumour growth and bone fracture repair. Purified fibrinogen is used as a haemostatic adjuvant in the production of fibrin glue used as a "bandage' in various forms of surgery and has found particular roles in cardiovascular and neuro-surgery. The separation of fibrinogen from plasma, however, has always been a limiting factor in the fibrin glue industry and in the research laboratory. Methods available currently can take up to three days with very poor yields, ranging from 40% to 60%, dependant on the method used and the time taken. A major source of concern is the wastage of other potentially important proteins in blood that are discarded in the first purification step when using the frequently employed procedure of ethanol precipitation.
- Fibrinogen is only sparingly soluble in water but can also be readily salted out with neutral salts such as sodium chloride and ammonium sulphate. The characteristics of this clotting protein differs quite markedly from other proteins in that it has reduced solubility at low temperatures. Fibrinogen can be precipitated with modest concentrations of PEG or water miscible organic solvents.
- the purification procedure employed by abi includes alcohol precipitation, cryoprecipitation, barium sulphate adsorption, glycine extraction and acetone precipitation at low temperature. The result is 30-40% yield with high clottability.
- the isolated or purified fibrinogen has characteristics dissimilar to natural fibrinogen in plasma (Nair et al 1986).
- a major determinant of the quality and functionality of a blood clot and also its role as fibrin resides in the "nativity" of the fibrinogen.
- Nativity refers to the functionality and molecular similarity of the protein to that when it is in a physiological milieu.
- Current separation methods produce fibrinogen that is "harshly” treated using chemical and physical separation techniques that ultimately denature the fibrinogen
- the present inventors have developed new methods for the purification of native and functional fibrinogen. Disclosure of Invention
- the present invention consists in a method of separating blood clotting protein from a mixture of blood clotting proteins and at least one contaminant, the method comprising:
- step (d) optionally periodically stopping and reversing the electric potential to cause movement of any blood clotting protein having entered the membrane to move back into the first solvent stream, wherein substantially not causing any contaminants that have entered the second solvent stream to re-enter first solvent stream; and (e) maintaining step (c) until the first solvent stream contains the desired purity of blood clotting protein substantially mimicking the characteristics of natural blood clotting protein.
- the method further includes the steps of: (f) replacing the first electrophoretic membrane with a second electrophoretic membrane having a molecular mass cut-off greater that of the first membrane;
- step (i) maintaining step (g) until the first solvent stream contains the desired purity of blood clotting protein substantially mimicking the characteristics of natural blood clotting protein.
- the mixture is plasma obtained from blood and the blood clotting protein is fibrinogen.
- the first electrophoretic membrane has a molecular mass cut-off close to the apparent molecular mass of fibrinogen, preferably about 300 kDa.
- the second electrophoretic membrane has a molecular mass cut-off greater than the first electrophoretic membrane, preferably about 1000 kDa.
- the buffer pH of the solvent streams is preferably about 6.0.
- Major protein contaminants including albumin whose pi is 4.9 are separated from the fibrinogen as the contaminants are transferred into the second solvent stream.
- a buffer particularly suitable for step (b) is Mes/Histidine pH 6.0. It will be appreciated, however, that many other buffers would be suitable for use in the method according to the present invention.
- the present inventors have been able to obtain recoveries of fibrinogen from blood plasma of at least 70% and having about 95% clottability. The method is relative fast taking around 3 hours.
- the present invention consists in use of GradiflowTM technology in the purification and/or separation of fibrinogen substantially mimicking the characteristics of natural fibrinogen.
- the present invention consists in fibrinogen substantially mimicking the characteristics of natural fibrinogen purified by the method according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the present invention consists in substantially isolated fibrinogen substantially having the clotting and functional characteristics of native fibrinogen.
- the present invention consists in use of fibrinogen according to the fourth aspect of the present invention in medical and veterinary applications. It will be appreciated that the fibrinogen according to the present invention would be suitable for use in fibrin glue, isolating and researching of fibrinogen in dysfibrinogenaemias, inclusion of fibrin in vascular grafts and other wound healing aids.
- the present invention consists in a method of separating blood clotting protein from a mixture including blood clotting protein and at least one contaminant, the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant each having a respective size and a respective charge, the method comprising the steps of: exposing the mixture to an electric field in the presence of an electrophoretic membrane having a defined pore size to thereby separate at least a portion of the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant onto opposite sides of the membrane in accordance with differences in at least one of the size and charge between the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant; maintaining the exposing step for a period not greater than 48 hours; and recovering from the mixture not less than 40% of the blood clotting protein content of the mixture.
- the present invention consists in a method of separating a blood clotting protein from a mixture including blood clotting protein and at least one contaminant, the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant each having a respective size and a respective charge, the method comprising the steps of: exposing the mixture to an electric field in the presence of an electrophoretic membrane having a defined pore size to thereby separate at least a portion of the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant onto opposite sides of the membrane in accordance with differences in at least one of the size and charge between the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant; maintaining the exposing step for a period not greater than 48 hours; and recovering from the mixture a blood clotting protein, wherein in a clotting test the blood clotting protein produces fibrins in a clot having a mass to length ratio similar to that obtained with plasma in the same clotting test.
- the present invention consists in a method of separating blood clotting protein from a mixture including blood clotting protein and at least one contaminant, the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant each having a respective size and a respective charge, the method comprising the steps of: exposing the mixture to an electric field in the presence of an electrophoretic membrane having a defined pore size to thereby separate at least a portion of the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant onto opposite sides of the membrane in accordance with differences in at least one of the size and charge between the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant; maintaining the exposing step for a period not greater than 48 hours; and recovering from the mixture a blood clotting protein, wherein in a clotting test the blood clotting protein produces a clot having fibrin network compaction similar to that obtained with plasma in the same clotting test.
- the present invention consists in a method of separating blood clotting protein from a mixture including blood clotting protein and at least one contaminant, the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant each having a respective size and a respective charge, the method comprising the steps of: exposing the mixture to an electric field in the presence of an electrophoretic membrane having a defined pore size to thereby separate at least a portion of the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant onto opposite sides of the membrane in accordance with differences in at least one of the size and charge between the blood clotting protein and the at least one contaminant; maintaining the exposing step for a period not greater than 48 hours; and recovering from the mixture a blood clotting protein having a purity of not less than 90%.
- the present invention is particularly suitable for fibrinogen separation. It will be appreciated, however, that other blood clotting proteins, including thrombin, factor VIII, alpha 2 macroglobulin and plasminogen would also be expected to be separated in a more natural state by the present invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of pore size separation/purification achieved by GradiflowTM technology.
- Figure 2 shows native SDS PAGE analysis of a fibrinogen purification process according to the present invention, where Lane 1: Molecular weight markers; Lane 2: Plasma; Lane 3: Upstream 1 hour; Lane 4: Upstream 90 minutes; Lane 5: Upstream 2 hours; and Lane 6: ADI Grade L Fibrinogen.
- Figure 3 shows Western analysis of a fibrinogen purification process according to the present invention, where Lane 1: Plasma; Lane 2: Upstream 1 hour; Lane 3: Upstream 90 minutes; Lane 4: Upstream 2 hours; Lane 5:
- Figure 4 shows reduced SDS PAGE analysis of a fibrinogen purification process according to the present invention where Lane 1: Molecular weight markers; Lane 2: ADI Grade L Fibrinogen; Lane 3: Plasma; Lane 4: Upstream 1 hour; Lane 5: Upstream 2 hours; and Lane 6: ADI Grade L Fibrinogen
- Figure 5 shows clotting curves of plasma, a sample of fibrinogen produced according to the present invention, and a commercial sample of fibrinogen.
- Figure 6 shows PAGE analysis of fibrinogen purification from cryo- precipitate 1 where Lane 1: Molecular weight markers; Lane 2: Cryo- precipitate 1; Lane 3: Upstream 1 hour; Lane 4: Upstream 2 hours; Lane 5: Upstream 3 hours; Lane 6: Downstream zero; Lane 7: Downstream 1 hour; Lane 8: Downstream 2 hours; Lane 9: Downstream 3 hours; and Lane 10: ADI Grade L Fibrinogen. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
- the GradiflowTM comprises of three separate flow streams (sample, product and buffer) that feed into the membrane cartridge housed inside the separation unit where they are sandwiched between porous polyacrylamide membranes.
- Proteins exist as charged molecules above or below their isoelectric point (pi).
- the net charge on a macromolecule is controlled by the choice of buffer pH.
- the proteins are separated in an electric field by charge and/or size differences.
- a protein can be separated based on the dual characteristics of size and charge.
- a pH is selected between the isoelectric points of two proteins such that one protein will have a positive charge and the other a negative charge.
- a protein mixture continuously circulates in the upstream compartment. When an electrical potential is applied, the negatively charged molecules migrate across the separation membrane to the downstream towards the positive electrode under the influence of an electric field. All other molecules are retained in the upstream. Altering the pore size of the intervening separation membrane allows separations to be performed by size and/or charge. Purification of fibrinogen Phase 1
- whole blood was collected in 3.8% sodium citrate in a ratio of 9 parts blood to 1 part anticoagulant.
- the blood was then centrifuged at 6000g.
- the resultant supernatant was centrifuged again at 3000g to give essentially platelet poor plasma (PPP) ( ⁇ 3000 platelets/ ⁇ l).
- PPP platelet poor plasma
- Each sample of PPP was then diluted with three volumes of 80 ⁇ M Tris Borate buffer (pH 8.5). This same buffer was selected as the running buffer.
- a buffer pH of 8.5 ensured that most of the proteins in plasma had a negative charge, including fibrinogen.
- a GradiflowTM separation cartridge with a molecular mass cut off of 300 kDa was selected, as this would ensure that all other proteins below 300 kDa would be separated from plasma when the electrical field was turned on.
- the Phase one separation according to this example was run for 1 hour with the downstream harvested every 20 minutes and replaced with fresh buffer. A maximum voltage of 250V and maximum current of 1A was applied across the cartridge. Phase 2
- Phase 1 was used in Phase 2. Separation was achieved using running conditions identical to those used in Phase 1, except that the separation membrane had a 1000 kDa cut off.
- the GradiflowTM was run for 1 hour with the downstream harvested every 20 minutes and replaced with fresh TB.
- This strategy enabled the removal of proteins in plasma with a molecular weight greater than 300 kDa.
- Phase 3 The upstream product of Phase 2 was further processed in this example at pH 6.0 using a MES/Histidine buffer.
- the GradiflowTM system was run for 1 hour at 300V reversed polarity with a 1000 kDa cut-off separation membrane and the downstream removed for analysis.
- the upstream was harvested for further analysis.
- This exemplary strategy enabled the removal of IgG contamination as the immunoglobulins were charged at pH 6.0 and migrated across the separation membrane and away from the fibrinogen sample.
- SDS PAGE was performed using Tris-glycine-SDS running buffer, SDS PAGE samples were prepared using 40 microlitres GradiporeTM glycine sample buffer, 10 microlitres DTT, 50 microlitres sample and were boiled for
- Native PAGE was performed using Tris-glycine running buffer. Native PAGE samples were prepared using 25 microlitres native sample buffer and
- Sample concentration was performed using an Amicon stirred cell ultrafiltration apparatus (Amicon).
- the fibrinogen sample with an initial volume of 60 mL was placed in the pressure chamber with pressure of 50 psi and concentrated using a 30 kDa cut off membrane and collected in a beaker.
- the pH of the concentrate was adjusted to 7.3 for clotting assays. Fibrinogen recovery
- EIA enzyme-linked immunoassay
- Clotting curves were generated to illustrate the conversion of GradiflowTM fibrinogen to fibrin.
- fibrinogen solution was added 0.1 mL thrombin/calcium mixture (final concentrations of 0.5 ⁇ l/mL thrombin
- Mass to length ratio (Carr and Hermans 1976) was used to quantitate fibrin fibre thickness of fibrin network structures. To 0.9 mL fibrinogen solution was added 0.1 mL thrombin/calcium mixture (final concentrations of 10 ⁇ l/mL thrombin and 10 mM CaCl 2 ) and left at room temperature for 1 hour for clot stabilisation. Optical density readings were recorded at 800nm with unclotted fibrinogen used as the reference. Mass to length ratio ( ⁇ j of fibrin fibres was calculated from measurements of turbidity at 800nm and is given by:
- T represents the turbidity of the fibrin matrix and is calculated by multiplying the optical density at 800nm by e 1 and c is the concentration of fibrinogen in solution.
- the units of fibrin fibre thickness are Daltons/cm.
- Fibrin networks were prepared from plasma, purified fibrinogen solutions (ADL, USA) and GradiflowTM fibrinogen, in 1.5 mL eppendorf microfuge tubes, pre-sprayed with a lecithin based aerosol. To each 0.9 mL fibrinogen solution was added to 0.1 mL thrombin/calcium mix (final concentrations of 10 NLH units/mL thrombin and 10 mM CaCl 2 ) and left at room temperature for 1 hour for clot stabilisation. The networks were centrifuged at 8000 x g for 1 minute in a microcentrifuge (Zentrifuge 3200, Eppendorf, Germany). The volume of the supernatant expelled from the network was measured with a 1 mL Hamilton glass syringe and expressed as a percentage of the initial network volume. RESULTS Fibrinogen purification
- FIG. 2 is a native PAGE of an example of a purification according to the present invention.
- Lanes 3 and 4 illustrate the removal of contaminating proteins using 80 mM Tris Borate (pH 8.4) running buffer from plasma ( Figure 2, lane 2).
- the pH of the buffer resulted in all components of plasma with a pi below 9.0 becoming negatively charged.
- all proteins with a pi higher than 9.0 were positively charged.
- a voltage was placed across the separating membrane (300 kDa cut off)
- charged species migrated toward the electrode of opposite charge.
- Most protein contaminants were removed within one hour.
- fibrinogen was charged, the low charge to mass ratio placed upon the molecule at pH 9.0 resulted in the slow migration of the molecule.
- fibrinogen 34 kDa
- the difficulty was attributed to the elongated shape of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen's Stoke's radius makes it appear much larger when it is pushed through membrane pores than is molecular mass dictates. Furthermore, fibrinogen self associates, forming lager molecular weight aggregates that cannot migrate through the separation membrane.
- Phase 2 of the fibrinogen purification was carried out in TB buffer at pH 9.0.
- the high salt concentration 80 mM
- the high pH utilised resulted in most of the protein contaminates present becoming negatively charged.
- the pore size of the second separation membrane 1000 kDa cut off) did not restrict the migration of most of the low molecular weight proteins that were present after the citrate buffer purification whilst at the same time restricting the migration of fibrinogen into the waste stream.
- Plasminogen has in the past been one of the protein contaminants in fibrinogen solutions that has proved difficult to remove without a separate procedure. This can be explained by specific binding of fibrin(ogen) and plasminogen in blood plasma. Lysine sepharose affinity columns have been traditionally used to remove plasminogen.
- the pi of the contaminants may have been somewhat close to or above pH 8.5, the pH of the TB separation buffer utilised in the isolation.
- An unusually high isoelectric point may have resulted in the contaminants not becoming negatively charged at pH 8.5, hence the contaminants were not attracted to the positive electrode through the separation membrane.
- the size of the contaminants may not have been as large or larger than that of fibrinogen and, as a result, their migration across the separation membrane was restricted by the pore size of the membrane.
- the contaminating components of the preparation may have been members of a fibrinogen complex in vivo. That is, the contaminants were physically bound to fibrinogen in its physiological state, and their close relationship with fibrinogen was of biological importance.
- the buffers utilised in the isolation were so mild that the fibrinogen isolated was done so with other bound components, as a single entity, as it is found in plasma.
- the intimate relationship of the contaminating proteins and fibrinogen was not disturbed by the purification procedure.
- the GradiflowTM was used to isolate native fibrinogen in these examples, the contaminants present on the reduced and native gels may in fact be proteins that bind to fibrinogen in vivo. The presence of these proteins may be essential for biological functionality.
- Prior art fibrinogen preparations presently commercially available attempt to remove these components from solution in the process reducing the nativity of the fibrinogen and hence the final network produced when it polymerises.
- fibrinogen yields are closer to 6% with losses commonly attributed to the use of complex procedures during which fibrinogen was co-precipitated and co- eluted with contaminating proteins.
- use of the GradiflowTM technology for separation of blood clotting proteins, fibrinogen yield is over
- Tables 1 and 2 compare examples of fibrinogen recovery using the GradiflowTM to conventional protocols.
- Table 1 Summary of comparison of commercially available fibrinogen with fibrinogen isolated by the GradiflowTM technology
- the nativity of fibrinogen is best measured by the structure of the matrix produced when clot is formed. Close similarity with a blood clot indicates that the preceding fibrinogen is as found in plasma. Fibrin fibre thickness and the tensile strength of the clot were two characteristics investigated in an attempt to compare the nativity of GradiflowTM fibrinogen with plasma fibrinogen and a commercial preparation produced using precipitation, column chromatography and traditional electrophoresis. Clotting curves describe the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin with the addition of thrombin.
- the initial lag phase indicates the time taken for the conversion of fibrinogen to activated fibrin monomers. This is described as the clotting time of fibrinogen and is indicative of fibrinogen activity.
- the rate of rise phase proceeding this phase illustrates the rate of polymerisation of fibrin monomers and results in the production of a stable clot as described by the plateau of the curve.
- Figure 5 illustrates the production of a clot from plasma, GradiflowTM fibrinogen from one of the examples and a commercial standard. It is evident that the clotting times and rate of rise for GradiflowTM fibrinogen and the commercial standard differ markedly from that of plasma. The similarity of the stable plasma clot and that of a GradiflowTM fibrin network, however, is indicative of the similarity of GradiflowTM fibrinogen with that found in native plasma. Mass to length ratio
- Mass to length ratio is a biophysical assay, measuring the thickness of fibrin fibres when clotted with thrombin.
- the removal of fibrino-peptides is a kinetic process that results in the polymerisation of activated fibrin molecules.
- fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations include fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations, calcium ion concentration and the presence of other protein components in the fibrinogen solution.
- Clot fibre characteristics are a measure of the preceding fibrinogen nativity.
- Blood plasma contains all of the required elements for the production of a fully effective clot.
- Blood clots contain fibrin fibres that are coarse and numerous, a result of complex interactions from hundreds of blood components including platelets, fibronectin and plasminogen. When clotted, purified fibrinogen solutions produce fibrin fibres that are relatively fine and sparse. This contrast with blood clots is attributed to the removal of essential related elements from the surrounding environment and a subsequent alteration of the kinetics of clot formation.
- Table 3 illustrates the difference in mass to length ratio of a plasma clot and that produced from a commercial fibrinogen standard. GradiflowTM fibrin fibres were thicker than those produced from the commercial preparation, suggesting that the example of the GradiflowTM fibrinogen is more like plasma fibrinogen than current commercial preparations. Table 3. Mass to length ratios, a measure of fibrin fibre thickness
- Fibrin fibre comparison of different fibrinogen solutions is a good indicator of fibrin nativity, however, in conjunction with clot compaction a more detailed explanation of fibrin network structure can be obtained.
- Compaction is an indicator of the tensile strength of fibrin network structures.
- the cross-linking of adjacent fibrin fibres provides a clot with its characteristic network structure and results in the matrix retaining form when placed under physiological stresses.
- Commercial fibrinogen separations clot to form a structure that is high in tensile strength and as a result they do not act in the same manner as a blood clot when placed in situ.
- the nativity of GradiflowTM fibrinogen is illustrated by the compaction of a clotted sample (Table 4). The manner in which it acts to stresses is similar to that of blood plasma and this was attributed to the isolation of a fibrinogen complex as is found as it is found in vivo.
- Compaction of a fibrin matrix is observed by collapsing a clot under uniform gravitational force.
- the level of collapse is indicative of fibrin fibre cross-linking in network organisation.
- the collective organisation of fibrin fibres is indicative of the kinetic process of fibrin polymerisation and clot stabilisation.
- factor XIII assists in the cross-linking of fibres to produce a network that can resist physiological stresses.
- Traditional purification schemes for fibrinogen attempt to remove all contaminants from solution resulting in a polymerisation process that is not similar to the complex coagulation process of blood.
- Fibrinogen is conventionally purified from plasma by a series of techniques including ethanol precipitation, affinity columns and traditional electrophoresis. This process takes about 48-72 hours and the harsh physical and chemical stresses placed on fibrinogen are believed to denature the molecule, resulting in activity that is removed from that of fibrinogen in plasma. Cryo-precipitation is the first step in the production of factor VIII and involves the loss of most of the fibrinogen in plasma. Processing of this waste fibrinogen is of considerable interest to major plasma processors and provides an opportunity to demonstrate the rapid purification of fibrinogen from cryo-precipitate using the method according to the present invention.
- cryo-precipitate 1 produced by thawing frozen plasma at 4°C overnight was removed from plasma by centrifugation at lOOOOxg.
- the precipitate was re-dissolved in 80 mM Tris-Borate buffer (pH 8.5) and placed in the upstream of a GradiflowTM apparatus. A potential of 250 volts was applied across a 1000 kDa cut-off cartridge and run for 1 hour. The downstream was replaced with fresh buffer at 30 minute intervals. The buffer was replaced after phase 1 with a Histidine/MES buffer (pH 6.0) and the apparatus was run at 250 volts reversed potential for a further 1 hour. The downstream was again harvested at 30 minute intervals and replaced with fresh running buffer. The upstream was harvested and concentrated using an Amicon stirred cell ultrafiltration cell. The product was analysed for clotting activity by the addition of thrombin and calcium (final concentrations (10 NIH unit/mL and 10 mM respectively).
- the results of the purification procedure are shown in Figure 6.
- the final fibrinogen product had characteristics of native fibrinogen and was substantially indistinguishable from fibrinogen obtained from whole blood by the method according to the present invention.
- GradiflowTM technology allows the rapid purification of fibrinogen from plasma.
- the fibrinogen appears to retain much of its native characteristics and biological function.
- the process according to the present invention is scalable and introduces a new and useful means of purifying blood products with high yield and virtually no wastage.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU53650/99A AU736461B2 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 1999-08-11 | Purification of blood clotting proteins |
JP2000564990A JP2002522553A (en) | 1998-08-12 | 1999-08-11 | Purification of blood coagulation protein |
EP99939268A EP1105410A4 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 1999-08-11 | Purification of blood clotting proteins |
CA002340106A CA2340106A1 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 1999-08-11 | Purification of blood clotting proteins |
US09/787,368 US20050199498A1 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 2001-03-14 | Purification of blood clotting proteins |
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AUPP5212 | 1998-08-12 | ||
AUPP5212A AUPP521298A0 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 1998-08-12 | Purification of fibrinogen |
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US09/787,368 Continuation US20050199498A1 (en) | 1998-08-12 | 2001-03-14 | Purification of blood clotting proteins |
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US (1) | US20050199498A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1105410A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002522553A (en) |
AU (2) | AUPP521298A0 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
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US7816495B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2010-10-19 | Nhs Blood And Transplant | Processes for the preparation of fibrinogen |
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Cited By (1)
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US7816495B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2010-10-19 | Nhs Blood And Transplant | Processes for the preparation of fibrinogen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1105410A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
US20050199498A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
JP2002522553A (en) | 2002-07-23 |
EP1105410A1 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
AU5365099A (en) | 2000-03-06 |
AU736461B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
AUPP521298A0 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
CA2340106A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 |
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